Foreign Language Anxiety Among ESL Undergraduate Learners In Traditional Versus Virtual Classrooms During Covid-19: A Case Study Of District Haripur
Keywords:
COVID-19, pandemic, virtual learning, classrooms, ESL students, studentsAbstract
The COVID-19, pandemic caused the sudden global pause of academics, switching from traditional classes to virtual learning. This study analyzed the concerns of undergraduate students learning English as a second language in virtual versus regular classrooms in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Using structured questionnaires, data was collected from 299 ESL students. The findings revealed that students felt more comfortable in conventional classrooms than in virtual ones, with issues like internet accessibility, technical skills, and instructor coordination hindering virtual participation. The lack of intrinsic motivation among students for online learning further compounded their anxiety. The study highlights the need for educational reforms in Pakistan to support innovation and institutional growth.